Belgrade's urban transformation during the 19th century: A space syntax approach

Description Theory and Approach about Space Syntax Methodology in Urban Design Process

Nowadays space is considered to be a net of connections between different areas. The questions how to delineate its character and how it is possible to objectively compare two spaces is a matter under consideration. This was the reason for creating new theories about the structure of space. Space syntax analysis (SSA) or simply Space Syntax defines a number of theories and research areas devo...

Attitudes toward Race, Hierarchy and Transformation in the 19th Century

Using the debates between Classical political economists and their critics as our lens, this paper examines the question of whether we're the same or different. Starting with Adam Smith, Classical economics presumed that humans are the same in their capacity for language and trade ; observed differences were then explained by incentives, luck and history, and it is the "vanity of the philosophe...

The 19th Century

Coulomb, Carl Friedrich Gauss, André Marie Ampère, and Michael Faraday discovered the four experimental laws concerning electricity and magnetism, James Clerk Maxwell added the displacement current and thereby created the great set of Maxwell’s equations. That view is not entirely wrong, but it obscures the subtle interplay between sophisticated geometrical and physical intuitions that led not ...

The Chronicle of Arsenic Poisoning in the 19th Century

Anthrax in Switzerland during the early 19th century.

The progress of a devastating case of enzootic anthrax is investigated by means of documents found in the archives of a private farm. These reports initiated a detailed historical study of the anthrax situation in Switzerland at the time, notably in the north-west of the country.